Fractures

Overview

A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone, ranging from simple hairline cracks to complex fractures with multiple fragments and associated soft-tissue injuries. Fractures are among the most common reasons patients present to orthopaedic surgeons in Lahore's emergency departments, particularly following road traffic accidents, falls from height, and sports injuries. Proper initial management and timely specialist intervention are critical to achieving optimal healing and restoring function.

Types of Fractures

• Simple (closed) fractures — the bone breaks but does not pierce the skin
• Compound (open) fractures — the broken bone pierces the skin, carrying infection risk
• Comminuted fractures — the bone shatters into three or more pieces
• Greenstick fractures — incomplete fractures, common in children whose bones are more flexible
• Stress fractures — small cracks from repetitive force, common in athletes
• Pathological fractures — fractures that occur in bone weakened by disease (tumour, osteoporosis)

Treatment Options

Fracture treatment depends on the type, location, displacement, and the patient's age and activity level. Non-surgical treatment includes casting, splinting, and functional bracing for stable fractures. Surgical options include plate and screw fixation, intramedullary nailing (placing a metal rod inside the bone), external fixation (pins and frames outside the body), and for severe cases, joint replacement. Dr. Hannan selects the most appropriate fixation method based on the specific fracture pattern and the patient's needs, drawing on extensive experience with complex trauma cases from Mayo Hospital.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Fracture healing is a biological process that takes time — typically 6 to 12 weeks for most fractures, though full recovery of strength and function may take longer. Dr. Hannan provides guidance on weight-bearing status, physiotherapy milestones, and follow-up imaging to monitor healing. Complications such as delayed union, non-union, or infection are monitored and managed proactively.