Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Total knee replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which the damaged surfaces of the knee joint are replaced with artificial implants. It is one of the most successful and commonly performed orthopaedic procedures worldwide, providing reliable pain relief and improved function for patients with advanced knee arthritis that has not responded to conservative treatment.

When Is TKR Recommended?

Dr. Hannan recommends knee replacement when the patient has severe knee pain that limits daily activities, pain that persists despite medication, physiotherapy, and lifestyle modifications, significant loss of joint function, and X-ray evidence of advanced joint degeneration. The decision is always made jointly with the patient, after a thorough discussion of the expected benefits, potential risks, and realistic recovery timeline.

The Procedure

The surgery involves removing the damaged cartilage and a small amount of bone from the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone), and replacing these surfaces with metal components that are cemented or press-fit into place. A plastic spacer is placed between the metal components to allow smooth movement. The patella (kneecap) surface may also be resurfaced. The procedure typically takes one to two hours.

Recovery

Most patients begin walking with support on the day of or the day after surgery. Physiotherapy is a critical part of recovery, with a structured programme that progressively increases knee movement and strength. Most patients can expect to return to most normal activities within six to twelve weeks, with continued improvement over several months. Dr. Hannan provides detailed post-operative instructions and follows each patient through their recovery.